Hotdiana Pasaribu
Jumat, 11 Januari 2019
INTERPRETING and TRANSLATION
Hello guys.. long time no see yah..
hari ini aku mau posting video tentang seorang guru dan seorang ayah , let's enjoy this videos, don't forget to comment ya guys , Thank you so much. HAVE A GOOD DAY :)
Indonesia to English
English to Indonesia
Tugas Ujian Akhir
Kamis, 16 November 2017
mid test
Hello guys….. in this post I will answer the questions from my lecturer,
Questions :
1.What is Sociolinguistics ?
2.What do we learn Sociolinguistics?
3.What is the relation between language and society?
4.Please mention and explain the branches of linguistics ?
5.What is standard language? Giving an example !
6.Elaborating the language, dialect and accent, please !
7.Giving an example of formal language and informal language !
8.What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in ?
9.When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?
a. Pidgin
b. Creole
c. Lingua franca
10.Why do people switch and mix language ?
11.Giving an example of code switching and code mixing !
Answers :
•Sociolinguistics is the study of relationship between language and society. There are many definition of sociolinguistics according to expert , Huson (1996) he said Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society and there are two type of sociolinguistics that is sociolinguistics and sociology of language.
•The relation between language and society is tightly anchored, the relationship of the two is deeply rooted. Language performs various function in the society and the society does the same way. If one will not exist, the other one will be affected.
•The branch of linguistics There are two that is applied linguistics and pure linguistics . applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that address a broad range of language-related issues in order to understand their roles in the lives of individuals and conditions in society. Pure linguistics is relates with study about the language it self, it deals with study of word (morphology), study of pronunciation(phonology), structure or grammar.
• Standard language is a dialect with an army, it is rarely the case that brutal force has been used to impose a standard language, although linguistics issues can arouse passion and occasionally violence.
•Dialect is style of foreign language about pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar and accent is di pengaruhi oleh ucapannya dan tinggi rendahnya suara .
•Example for formal and informal language
Formal : it was raining very heavily
Informal :it was raining cats and dogs
Formal :during the interview students were asked about their experiences
Informal :during the interview I asked students about their experiences
•Seseorang yang menggunakan switch and mix language karena diantara bahasa mereka ada yang tidak terlalu di pahami jadi mereka menggunakan salah satu bahasa atau pun di campur bahasa satu dengan bahasa yang lain.
• Code switching : A : selamat pagi !
B : gunaidin girls, did you study for today quiz?
Code mixing : Hello, where are you go? Apakah kamu lihat teman I keluar from class ?
Kamis, 19 Oktober 2017
SOCIOLINGUISTICS (pidgins and creoles)
SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Pidgins and Creoles)
Group 3
1. Jamal fadly
2. Nita prakasiwi
3. Siti Rafiah
Pidgins is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a common language. And Creoles is the language of a mixture of two or more languages that from can not be categorized into one of the original language.
Questions
1. Give me more explanation about creoles and give me simple example.
Example : bahasa ocu-campuran atara minang and malay ,creoles tidak aka nada apabila pidgins belum ada. And need process
2. As a candidate teachers what is the advantages by learning creoles and pidgins?
We as a candidate teachers can make the students enjoy we must be teaching be teaching the students
3. What is the relationship between pidgins and creoles and sociolinguistics ?
Karena itu merupakan bagian dari sociolinguistics ,pidgins is simple language,grammar,vocabulary
Pidgins come from best on the colonial, perdagangan and small language and contact language ,kalimatnya terstruktur
Contohnya ladyboy (hanya komunitas tertentu yang mengetahui bahasa mereka)
Creoles is the mother tongue and complete the structure
GOD BLESS US
Kamis, 12 Oktober 2017
SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Language Dialect and Varieties)
SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Language Dialect and Varieties)
Group 2
1.Dikky Fradana
2.Feny Dwi Yanti
3.Susi Lestari
Language is consist of dialect and accent and also language is an important means of communication.
Dialect : pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar
Accent : dipengaruhi oleh ucapannya, tinggi rendahnya suara.
This is definition from expert ,Language also are many things it can be a system of communication, a medium for thought, vehicle for literary expression, a matter for political controversy, a catalyst for nation building (O’Grady and Dobrovolsky,1989) . Linguistic variable is linguistic unit or a sociolinguistic has variant in lexical and grammatical, but are most often phonological. For instance British English is (h) which stands for the presence or absence of /h/ in words such as hammer, house and hill. Chicano English the levelling of past tense be in ‘We was there,’ (Llamas et al., 2007).
There are seven criteria of language
1.Standardization: Codification of language: grammars, spelling books, dictionaries, literature. It is possible to teach. To make standardization, it require choosing one elite vernacular and it can be prestigious
2.Vitality : the existence of a living community of speakers.
3.Historicity : a particular group of people finds their identity by using a particular language
4.Autonomy : Other speakers of a language must be felt different from other languages
5.Reduction : particular variety may be regarded as a sub-variety rather than as an independent entity.
6.Mixture : Feelings about the purity or lack of purity of variety
7.De facto norms : speakers recognize as ‘good’ speakers and ‘poor’ speakers and that the good speakers represent the norms of proper usage.
QUESTIONS
1.Why being related social background rather than geographical background and effect ?
2.Can you show more example the main reference of regional dialect and social dialect?
3.What is the different language, dialect and accent?
ANSWER
1.Social : activity everyday
Geographical : social
We must know what is the different from social background and geographical background. Effect : maybe we can forget about our language(first language).
2.Regional dialect based on their regional for example in Sumatra Barat used Minang language in java used java language.
Social dialect based on our language in every activities for example language between friends, teacher and students, parents.
3.Language : a body of word and the systems for their use common to people who are of the same community or nation.
Dialect : type of language spoken consist of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.
Ok...I think that's all from me thank you so much.
GOD BLESS US
Rabu, 27 September 2017
Sociolinguistics(introduction to sociolinguistics)
“INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS”
Hello guys…. How’s life? May God always bless your life….. Well, in this opportunity I’m going to explain about INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS Let’s check it out.....
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. And than I will give more definition from some expert
Definition Sociolinguistic by Expert
1) William Labov has called sociolinguistics secular linguistics, "in reaction to the contention among many linguists working in a broadly Chomskyanframework that language can be dissociated from its social functions" (Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language, 2005).
2) Rubén Chacón-Beltrán In An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (2013), observes that in sociolinguistics “the stress is placed on language and its role within communication. Sociology of language, however, centers on the study of society and how we can understand it through the study of language.”
There are two type of sociolinguistics that is Sociolinguistics and sociology
of language ,I will give the definition one by one, the first is sociolinguistics
are it’s main focus in society on language, ini menjelaskan tentang efek
dari penggunaan bahasa terhadap lingkungan social baik menggunakan
bahasa formal dan juga bahasa sehari-hari and Sociology of language it’s
main focus is language effect on society ini menggunakan bahasa gaul atau bahasa yang digunakan anak zaman now .
Important concepts in Sociolinguistic
1) Standard Language
2) Non Standard Language
3) Accent
4) Dialect
5) Jargon
6) Slang
The are three question from audiences
1. Can you give examples from the type of sociolinguistics and sociology language ?
2. Why dialect and accent fit into sociolinguistics ?
3. What is the different accent and dialect ?
Answer :
1. Sociolinguistics : tergantung place and situation ini menggunakan bahasa sehari-hari dan juga bahasa formal .
Sociology of language : efek atas penggunaan bahasa terhadap lingkungan social (slang,bahasa alay,bahasa gaul)
2. Because in sociolinguistics we learn about relationship between social and language. And sociolinguistics can check how to use language in different social context.
3. Accent : wilayah => nada bicaranya yang berbeda
Dialect : lebih kekesopanan, formal => geografis atau daratan
Ok guys.. I think that’s all , thank you so much for your time to read my blog , bye bye ……
GOD BLESS US
Senin, 17 April 2017
CONNOTATION, DENOTATION AND IMPLICATION
- · The definition of denotation, connotation and implication
Denotation is
when you mean what you say, literally. Connotation is
created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.
The connotative meaning of a word is based on implication, or shared emotional
association with a word. Greasy is a completely innocent word:
Some things, like car engines, need to be greasy. But greasy contains
negative associations for most people, whether they are talking about food or
about people. Often there are many words that denote approximately the same
thing, but their connotations are very different. Innocent and genuine both denote an absence of
corruption, but the connotations of the two words are different: innocent is often associated with a lack
of experience, whereas genuine is
not. Connotations are important in poetry because poets use them to further
develop or complicate a poem's meaning.
- · Connotation and Implication
A
connotation can just be an idea that we associate with another word, phrase or
sentence. So for example the phrase bucket and spade will have
connotations of beaches, sunshine, childhood, seaside holidays and so forth. If
you're writer and you want to talk about a grave-robber stealing a body from a
cemetery, you probably won't want to say:
He
picked up his bucket and spade.
There's nothing wrong with the grammar
of this sentence, but when you say bucket and spade it might
make people think about happy things, not grave, serious and scary ones. It's
probably important for your story for people to be a little bit scared, not
happy and comfortable. Notice that nobody would think that the grave-robber was
at the beach in that sentence. It is just that using that phrase will make people
think about beaches for a second.
An implication is
something slightly different. If I imply something, I am saying something
specific to somebody, without actually using that sentence this might be an
accident. We might not want the listener to have this idea. Usually, an
implication is a proposition - something that can be expressed as a sentence.
So for example, if I say:
- · If you don't do your homework, you won't get any ice cream.
then I am implying that:
- · If you do your homework you will get some ice-cream.
But
notice that I did not say that. That second sentence is not
part of what I said. If I am a mean and horrible person, I may have
deliberately tricked you. But I did not lie. The truth may well be that:
- · If you don't do your homework you won't get any ice-cream and if you do your homework, you still won't get any ice-cream.
The
reason might be for example, that you are not allowed ice-cream because you're
allergic to dairy products. Notice that if I say the whole of the last example,
the implication is cancelled. We no longer think that the speaker will give any
ice-cream to anyone if the homework is done. We can cancel implications easily.
It is difficult to cancel connotations. We may still be reminded of something,
like holidays, for example, even if the actual word or phrase is being used in
a completely different way.
- · Definition Of Denotation And Connotation By Expert
a. Denotation
According to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a denotation is
a real meaning of a lexeme. Denotation is one of the types of meaning that is
explained in semantics. The explanation of denotation by Abdul Chaer is similar
with the one by O’Grady (1997:273), that denotation is a semantic attempt to
equate the meaning of a word or phrase with the entities; and Richards
(1985:76), that denotation is the part of the meaning of a word or phrase that
relates it to the phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible
word which all of them point out that the denotation meaning is quiet the
same as a dictionary or lexical meaning. For example, the denotation of the
word lean (kurus) corresponds to the condition of someones body which is
smaller than a normal size.
b. Connotation
According to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a connotation
is a different meaning which is “added” to the last denotation meaning that is
related with a sense from a person or group that uses the word.
Connotation is another type of meaning that is also
learned in semantics. But according to Abdul Chaer, the connotation
meaning is divided into a neutral, positive, and negative one. For example, the
word lean (kurus) has a neutral connotation, which means that it does not have
an unfavorable sense.
But the word slender (ramping), which is the synonym
of lean, has a positive connotation which is a favorable sense. On the
contrary, the word thin (kerempeng), which is the synonym from thin and
slender, has a negative connotation, an unfavorable sense.
From the example that is given above, the word lean,
slender, and thin can be concluded that in a denotation meaning, three of them
have the same meaning, but three of them have different connotations; lean is a
neutral connotation, slender is a positive connotation, and thin is a negative
connotation.
If conceptual meaning remains the same forever,
connotative meaning may change from one time to another. Connotative meaning
may also differ from one society to another because meanings have many other
characteristics which different people associate with.
- · The difference between Connotation and Denotation
1.
Denotation
- It refers to the primary, literal meaning or the dictionary meaning of a word.
- Denotation is not thus classified.
- It remains the same regardless of culture and personal experiences.
2.
Connotation
- It refers to the personal and cultural meaning in addition to their primary, literal meaning of a word.
- It can be classified as positive connotation and negative connotation.
- It can change according to culture and personal experiences.
Conclusion
In
the normal uses of these words, a connotation is an association that we have
with a word, phrase or sentence. It is not necessarily a proposition. It is not
usually the kind of idea we can express in a sentence.
In
contrast, an implication is usually a proposition. It is an idea we could
express as a sentence. Sometimes the listener may want us to understand this
proposition. Sometimes it may be accidental. We can cancel implications. It is
difficult, if not impossible sometimes, to cancel connotations.
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